The Unique Formal Education and the K to 12 Program in the Philippines

The Formal Education and the K to 12 Program in the Philippines

Formal education happens in a well-thought-out setting with the overt purpose of teaching students. It usually happens in school classrooms with students learning together under a trained teacher who follows or implements a well-designed school system and curriculum.

Moreover, it is highly institutionalized, bureaucratic, and formally recognized with grades, diplomas, and/or certificates.

In modern societies, formal education is normally divided into stages such as preschool, primary school, secondary school, and then tertiary school.

Preschool

Preschools offer education from ages around three to seven, depending on the country or the region within a country. They are also called ‘nursery schools’ or ‘kindergarten’ (except in the USA, where ‘kindergarten’ is used for primary education).

These schools “provide a child-centered, preschool curriculum for three to seven year old children that aim at unfolding the child’s physical, intellectual, and moral nature with balanced emphasis on each of them’ (“Preschools,” n.d.). Preschools basically aim at preparing children for primary education.

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Primary education

Primary educationgenerally consists of the first six years of structured education after pre-school. Also called ‘elementary education,’ it usually starts approximately at the age of five to seven, although this, again, depends on the country. In most countries, elementary education is compulsory for all children. In many ways and aspects, primary education makes a pupil ready for secondary education.

Secondary education

In general, secondary education covers the formal education that transpires during adolescence (the teenage years), as the division between primary and secondary education happens at about twelve or thirteen years of age. Schools for this period, or a part of it, are usually called ‘high schools.’ In many countries today, primary and secondary education together are also referred to as K-12 education.

Aside from providing common knowledge, secondary education typically prepares students for higher education and/or trains them directly in a profession, craft, or trade.

Tertiary education

Tertiary education, also called higher education, is the non-compulsory educational level after secondary education. Tertiary education is customarily regarded to include undergraduate and postgraduate education, and even the vocational education and training.

Vocational education is a form of education centered on direct and practical training for a particular craft or trade. Higher education is taken at colleges and universities and it typically results in the receipt of certificates, diplomas, and/or academic degrees. The current K-12 education system in the Philippines =nonetheless offers vocational courses in Senior High School … continue reading

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Read: K-12 Basic Education Program in the Philippines: Beneficial or Additional Burden?

Discussion: Is the K to 12 program in the Philippines beneficial? Why or why not?

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