Forms of Education in the Philippines: Formal, Non-formal, Informal, and other Forms of Education
Educationrefers to the system of formal teaching and learning as conducted through academic institutions. As a process, it denotes the imparting and acquiring of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, practices, and behaviors typically through imitation, storytelling, lecture, discussion, teaching, training, internship, research, e-learning activity, and other classroom or home assignments.
Defined loosely, education may refer to any experience that has a formative effect on the manner a person thinks, feels, or acts. Pedagogy is the science and art of how best to teach, instruct, or educate.
Formal education
Other forms of education
Other forms of education aside from or alongside the already discussed types include special, alternative, indigenous, informal, and non-formaleducation.
Special educationis provided to people with disabilities and is open to anyone who has difficulty in learning.
Alternative education refers to a broad range of learning approaches including alternative schools (ALS), self-learning, homeschooling, distance education, online education, and ‘open university.
Indigenous education denotes the insertion of indigenous knowledge, models, methods, and content (e.g. language and culture) within formal or non-formal academic systems.
Non-formal vs. Informal education
Informal education is “the truly lifelong process whereby every individual acquires attitudes, values, skills and knowledge from daily experience and the educative influences and resources in his or her environment – from family and neighbors, from work and play, from the market place, the library and the mass media” (Smith, 2001). It commonly occurs outside educational establishments, does not follow a definite curriculum, and may arise accidentally and sporadically. Informal learning includes language acquisition and learning cultural norms and conventionally acceptable manners and conducts.
Non-formal education refers to “any organized educational activity outside the established formal system – whether operating separately or as an important feature of some broader activity – that is intended to serve identifiable learning clienteles and learning objectives” (Smith, 2001). Programs under non-formal education are usually short-term and voluntary. Though normally having a curriculum and a facilitator, the offerings have few if any prerequisites. Non-formal education programs include literacy and basic education for adults and young people, learning programs for school drop outs, agricultural trainings, health education, trade union education, rural development and the role of women in development.
One way to distinguish formal, non-formal, and informal education from each other is this: Administratively, “formal education is linked with schools and training institutions; non-formal with community groups and other organizations; and informal covers what is left, e.g. interactions with friends, family and work colleagues” (Smith, 2001). (© MyInfoBasket.com)
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