Definition of the Four Noble Truths: A Simplified Discussion
Let us discuss the definition of the Four Noble Truths which are central in the doctrine of Theravada Buddhism. The so-called Four Noble Truths comprise the crux of teachings of Buddha (Siddharta Gautama).
For Buddha’s short biography, read: The Life of Buddha: Short Biography of Siddharta Gautama
So what are the 4 noble truths?
Four Noble Truths can be summarized by the following statements.
1. All living beings suffer.
2. Suffering is caused by desire.
3. Suffering can end.
4. Following a certain path leads to the end of suffering.
Now, let’s do the four noble truths explanation according to Buddhism:
(1) The first statement is called Dhukka, The Truth of Suffering.
This First Truth emphasizes the presence of suffering in human life. The reality of ‘Dukkha’ is acknowledged as part of conditioned existence.
Literally, Dukkha’ denotes “that which is difficult to bear.” It can mean suffering, stress, pain, anguish, affliction or unsatisfactoriness.
‘Dukkha’ comes in various forms—it can be gross or very subtle, from great physical and mental pain and torment to mild inner conflicts and existential malaise.
(2) The second statement corresponds to Samudaya, The Truth of the Cause of Suffering.
This Second Truth intends to pinpoint the cause of suffering.
At least two things serve as major causes of suffering in Buddhism: (a) desire and (b) ignorance. Desire denotes craving pleasure, material goods, and immortality, things that can never be fully satisfied. Thus, desiring them can only generate disappointment or suffering.
In contrast, ignorance refers to not perceiving the world as it actually is. Without the ability for mental concentration, Buddhism explains that one’s mind is unable to understand the true nature of things, resulting in vices, like greed, envy, hatred, and anger.
(3) The third statement refers to Nirodha, The Truth of the Cessation of Suffering.
This Third Noble Truth is said to take dual meaning. It connotes either the end of suffering in this life on earth, or in the spiritual life, through attaining Nirvana.
Spiritual enlightenment is said to have been reached when one has attained Nirvana, which is a transcendent state free from suffering and worldly cycle of birth and rebirth.
(4) The fourth statement refers to Magga, The Truth of the Path to End Suffering.
This Fourth Noble Truth refers to the Noble Truth of the Path that leads to Awakening. It is said that Awakening is not “made” by anything: it is not a product of anything including the Buddha’s teachings.
It is believed that our true nature is rather already always present and we are just not awake to it. The Fourth Noble truth thus charts the method for Awakening. It states that “Following the Noble Eightfold Path leads to the end of suffering.”
So what is this Noble Eightfold Path? Read the related article: Buddhism’s Eightfold Path: A Simplified Summary
Also read:
For other free lectures like this (especially for students,) visit Homepage: Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems
Copyright © by Jens Micah De Guzman
Also Check Out: The Worldview of Atheism by Jensen DG. Mañebog
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