Judaism, Christianity, and Islam: Similarities and Differences

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam have similarities and differences. To begin with, all of them are monotheistic religions.

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, in contrast to Hinduism and Buddhism, are all monotheistic religions that worship the God of Adam, Abraham, and Moses—the creator, sustainer, and Lord of the universe. (Read: Judaism 101: What You Need to Know about this Abrahamaic Religion)

They somewhat share a common belief in the oneness of God (monotheism), sacred history (history as the theater of God’s activity and the encounter of God and humankind), prophets and divine revelation, angels, and Satan. All stress moral responsibility and accountability, Judgment Day, and eternal reward and punishment.

“All three faiths emphasize their special covenant with God, for Judaism through Moses, Christianity through Jesus, and Islam through Muhammad. Christianity accepts God’s covenant with and revelation to the Jews but traditionally has seen itself as superseding Judaism with the coming of Jesus. Thus Christianity speaks of its new covenant and New Testament. So, too, Islam and Muslims recognize Judaism and Christianity: their biblical prophets (among them Adam, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus) and their revelations (the Torah and the New Testament, or Message of Jesus).”

“Peace is central to all three faiths. This is reflected historically in their use of similar greetings meaning “peace be upon you”: shalom aleichem in Judaism, pax vobiscum in Christianity, and salaam alaikum in Islam. Often, however, the greeting of peace has been meant primarily for members of one’s own faith community.”

A conclusion

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam trace their roots back to Abraham and his message of monotheism. (Read: What It Means to be a Christian)

The similarities among these faiths range in practices and beliefs. They all have the same geographical roots in the Arab World.

A holy book can be found in all three religions and is considered to be the word of God or the inspired word of God. Within the Torah, Bible and Qur’an are creation stories in which God created the universe. (Read: Islam 101: The Monotheistic Abrahamic Faith of Muhammad)

Central to these three faiths are the various prophets that came to spread messages of monotheism.

“All of the biblical prophets shared by Judaism and Christianity can also be found in the Qur’an and Islamic writings. A level of accountability for one’s actions and the belief in charity and good deeds are another similarity that these faiths share. In addition, the belief in life after death is a shared belief among the three religions.

Lastly, all three faiths regard Jerusalem as a holy city. For Jews, it is home to the Wailing Wall and the Temple Mount. In Christianity, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre is the spot where Jesus was believed to be crucified. For Muslims it is home to the Dome of the Rock, where the Prophet Muhammad is believed to have ascended to heaven and where Al Aqsa Mosque is located.”

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